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Terry Sawchuk
Terrance Gordon "Terry" Sawchuk (December 28, 1929 – May 31, 1970) was a Ukrainian-Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played 21 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Detroit Red Wings, Boston Bruins, Toronto Maple Leafs, Los Angeles Kings and the New York Rangers.
==Early life and playing career==
Sawchuk was born and raised in East Kildonan, a working-class, Ukrainian section of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. He was the third of four sons and one adopted daughter of Louis Sawchuk, a tinsmith who had immigrated to Canada as a boy from Galicia, Austria–Hungary (now Ukraine), and his wife Anne (''nee'' Maslak), a homemaker. The second son died young from scarlet fever and the oldest, an aspiring hockey goaltender whom Terry idolized, died suddenly of a heart attack at age seventeen. At age twelve, Sawchuk injured his right elbow playing rugby and, not wanting to be punished by his parents, hid the injury, preventing the dislocation from properly healing. Thus, the arm was left with limited mobility and several inches shorter than the left, and bothered him for his entire athletic career. After inheriting his good friend's goalie equipment, Sawchuk began playing ice hockey in a local league and worked for a sheet-metal company installing vents over bakery ovens. His goaltending talent was so evident that at age fourteen a local scout for the Detroit Red Wings had him work out with the team, who later signed him to an amateur contract and sent him to play for their junior team in Galt, Ontario in 1946, where he also finished the eleventh grade but most likely did not graduate from high school. The Red Wings signed him to a professional contract in 1947, and he quickly progressed through their developmental system, winning honors as the Rookie of the Year in both the U.S. and American Hockey Leagues. Sawchuk also filled in for seven games when the Detroit goalie Harry Lumley was injured in January 1950. Sawchuk showed such promise that the Red Wings traded Lumley to the Chicago Black Hawks, though he had just led the team to the 1950 Stanley Cup. Nicknamed "Ukey" or "The Uke" by his teammates because of his Ukrainian ancestry, Sawchuk led the Red Wings to three Stanley Cups in five years, winning the Calder Trophy as the top rookie (the first to win such honors in all three professional hockey leagues) and three Vezina Trophies for the fewest goals allowed (he missed out the other two years by one goal). He was selected as an All-Star five times in his first five years in the NHL, had fifty-six shutouts, and his goals-against average (GAA) remained under 2.00. In the 1951–52 playoffs, the Red Wings swept both the Toronto Maple Leafs and the Montreal Canadiens, with Sawchuk surrendering five goals in eight games (for a 0.625 GAA), with four shutouts.〔John A. Drobnicki, "Sawchuk, Terrance Gordon ('Terry')," in ''The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Thematic Series: Sports Figures'' (Scribner's, 2002), Vol. 2, pp. 335-336.〕
Sawchuk was ordered by Detroit general manager Jack Adams to lose weight before the 1951–52 season, and his personality seemed to change when he dropped more than forty pounds, becoming sullen and withdrawn. He became increasingly surly with reporters and fans, preferred doing crossword puzzles to giving interviews, and struggled for years to regain the weight. Also contributing to his moodiness and self-doubt was the pressure of playing day in and day out despite repeated injuries — there were no backup goaltenders. He frequently played through pain, and during his career he had three operations on his right elbow, an appendectomy, countless cuts and bruises, a broken instep, a collapsed lung, ruptured discs in his back, and severed tendons in his hand. Years of crouching in the net caused Sawchuk to walk with a permanent stoop and resulted in lordosis (swayback), which prevented him from sleeping for more than two hours at a time. He also received approximately 400 stitches to his face (including three in his right eyeball) before finally adopting a protective facemask in 1962.〔John A. Drobnicki, "Sawchuk, Terrance Gordon ('Terry')," in ''The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Thematic Series: Sports Figures'' (Scribner's, 2002), Vol. 2, p. 336.〕 In 1966, Life Magazine had a make-up artist apply stitches and scars to Sawchuk's face to demonstrate all of the injuries to his face over the years. The make-up artist did not have enough room for everything.〔"Hockey's Reviled and Bludgeoned Fall-Guys: The Goalie is the Goat," ''Life'' (Mar. 4, 1966), p. 33. See an image of the photo in the Life Photo Archive at: http://life.time.com/culture/terry-sawchuk-a-face-only-a-hockey-puck-could-love/#1〕
The Red Wings traded Sawchuk to the Boston Bruins in June 1955 because they had a capable younger goaltender in the minor leagues (Glenn Hall), which devastated the self-critical goalie. During his second season with Boston, Sawchuk was diagnosed with mononucleosis, but returned to the team after only two weeks. Physically weak, playing poorly, and on the verge of a nervous breakdown, he announced his retirement in early 1957 and was labeled a "quitter" by team executives and several newspapers. Detroit reacquired Sawchuk by trading young forward Johnny Bucyk to Boston. After seven seasons, when they had another promising young goalie (Roger Crozier) ready for promotion from the minor leagues, Detroit left Sawchuk unprotected in the 1964 intra-league waiver draft, and he was quickly claimed by the Maple Leafs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://historicalhockey.blogspot.ca/2012/10/1964-nhl-intra-league-draft.html )〕 With Sawchuk sharing goaltending duties with the forty-year-old Johnny Bower, the veteran duo won the 1964–65 Vezina Trophy and led Toronto to the 1967 Stanley Cup. Left unprotected in the June 1967 expansion draft, Sawchuk was the first player selected, taken by the Los Angeles Kings where he played one season before being traded back to Detroit.
Sawchuk spent his final season with the New York Rangers, where he played sparingly, starting only six games.〔 On February 1, 1970, in only his fourth start of the season, he recorded his 103rd and final shutout of his career by blanking the Pittsburgh Penguins 6-0.〔(The Montreal Gazette, Feb. 2, 1970 ), page 17. Retrieved March 16, 2015.〕 This was also his last NHL goaltender win.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.flyershistory.com/cgi-bin/poboxscore.cgi?H19690283 )〕 His last regular season start was on March 14, 1970 in a 4-7 loss to the Chicago Black Hawks.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.flyershistory.com/cgi-bin/poboxscore.cgi?H19690390 )〕 Sawchuk's last playoff start was in a 3-5 playoff quarterfinals loss to the Boston Bruins on April 9, 1970.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.flyershistory.com/cgi-bin/poboxscore.cgi?O19700006 )〕 Sawchuk appeared in his last NHL game on April 14 in the same playoff series.〔(【引用サイトリンク】ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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